檢測燃(ran)燒室或燃(ran)燒器火焰(yan)強(qiang)度的(de)裝置。主要由探頭和(he)信(xin)(xin)號處理器兩部分(fen)組成,輸出表示火焰(yan)強(qiang)度的(de)模擬量(liang)(liang)信(xin)(xin)號、表示有(you)無火焰(yan)的(de)開關(guan)量(liang)(liang)信(xin)(xin)號和(he)(或)表示火焰(yan)強(qiang)度的(de)視頻信(xin)(xin)號。
火焰檢測器的分類
1、紫外(wai)光火焰檢(jian)測器
紫(zi)外(wai)(wai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)火焰檢測器采用(yong)紫(zi)外(wai)(wai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)敏管作為(wei)傳感元件(jian),其(qi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜范圍在(zai)O.006~0.4?m之間(jian)。紫(zi)外(wai)(wai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)敏管是(shi)一種固態脈沖器件(jian),其(qi)發出的信號是(shi)自身脈沖頻率與紫(zi)外(wai)(wai)輻(fu)射頻率成正比例(li)的隨機(ji)脈沖。紫(zi)外(wai)(wai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)敏管有二個電(dian)極,一般加交流(liu)高電(dian)壓。當輻(fu)射到電(dian)極上的紫(zi)外(wai)(wai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)線(xian)足(zu)夠(gou)強(qiang)時,電(dian)極間(jian)就產生(sheng)“雪(xue)崩”脈沖電(dian)流(liu),其(qi)頻率與紫(zi)外(wai)(wai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)線(xian)強(qiang)度有關(guan),高達幾千赫茲。滅(mie)火時則無(wu)脈沖。
2、可見(jian)光火焰(yan)檢(jian)測器
可(ke)見(jian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)火焰檢測器(qi)采用光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)二極管作(zuo)為傳感元(yuan)件,其光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜響應范(fan)圍(wei)在0.33~0.7?m之(zhi)間(jian)。可(ke)見(jian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)火焰檢測器(qi)由探頭、機箱和冷(leng)卻設備等部(bu)(bu)分(fen)組成。爐膛火焰中的可(ke)見(jian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)穿(chuan)過探頭端部(bu)(bu)的透(tou)鏡,經由光(guang)(guang)(guang)導(dao)纖維(wei)到(dao)(dao)達探頭小(xiao)室(shi),照到(dao)(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)二極管上。
該(gai)光電(dian)二極管(guan)將可見光信(xin)號(hao)轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)為(wei)電(dian)流信(xin)號(hao),經由(you)對(dui)數(shu)放大(da)器(qi)轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)為(wei)電(dian)壓(ya)信(xin)號(hao)。對(dui)數(shu)放大(da)器(qi)輸出的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)信(xin)號(hao)再經過傳(chuan)輸放大(da)器(qi)轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)成電(dian)流信(xin)號(hao)。然(ran)后通過屏蔽(bi)電(dian)纜傳(chuan)輸至(zhi)機箱。在機箱中(zhong),電(dian)流信(xin)號(hao)又被轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)為(wei)電(dian)壓(ya)信(xin)號(hao)。代表(biao)(biao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焰(yan)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)信(xin)號(hao)分別被送到(dao)頻率檢(jian)測(ce)線路(lu)、強度(du)檢(jian)測(ce)線路(lu)和故障檢(jian)測(ce)線路(lu)。強度(du)檢(jian)測(ce)線路(lu)設(she)有兩個不同的(de)限(xian)(xian)值(zhi),即上(shang)限(xian)(xian)值(zhi)和下限(xian)(xian)值(zhi)。當(dang)(dang)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焰(yan)強度(du)超(chao)過上(shang)限(xian)(xian)值(zhi)時,強度(du)燈亮,表(biao)(biao)示著火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo);當(dang)(dang)強度(du)低于下限(xian)(xian)值(zhi)時,強度(du)燈滅(mie),表(biao)(biao)示滅(mie)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)。
頻率(lv)檢(jian)(jian)測線(xian)路(lu)用來檢(jian)(jian)測爐膛火(huo)焰閃(shan)爍頻率(lv),它根據火(huo)焰閃(shan)爍的(de)頻率(lv)是高于還是低于設定(ding)頻率(lv),可正(zheng)確判(pan)斷爐膛有無火(huo)焰。故障檢(jian)(jian)測線(xian)路(lu)也有兩(liang)個(ge)限值(zhi),在正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)情(qing)況下,其值(zhi)保持在上、下限值(zhi)之間。一旦機箱的(de)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)輸入回(hui)路(lu)出現故障,如光電(dian)(dian)管至(zhi)機箱的(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)斷線(xian),則(ze)上述電(dian)(dian)壓信(xin)號(hao)(hao)立刻偏離正(zheng)常(chang)范圍(wei),從而發出故障報警信(xin)號(hao)(hao)。
3、紅外光火焰檢測器
紅(hong)外光(guang)(guang)火焰(yan)(yan)檢(jian)測(ce)器(qi)(qi)采用(yong)硫化鉛(qian)或硫化鎘光(guang)(guang)敏電(dian)阻作(zuo)為(wei)傳感元(yuan)件,其光(guang)(guang)譜(pu)響應(ying)范圍在0.7-3.2?m之間(jian)。紅(hong)外光(guang)(guang)火焰(yan)(yan)檢(jian)測(ce)器(qi)(qi)也是由探(tan)(tan)頭、機箱和冷卻設備組成。燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)器(qi)(qi)火焰(yan)(yan)的(de)一(yi)次燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)區域所產生的(de)紅(hong)外輻射,經(jing)由光(guang)(guang)導(dao)纖維送(song)到探(tan)(tan)頭,通(tong)過(guo)(guo)探(tan)(tan)頭中的(de)光(guang)(guang)敏電(dian)阻轉換成電(dian)信(xin)號,再由放大器(qi)(qi)放大。該火焰(yan)(yan)信(xin)號由屏蔽(bi)電(dian)纜送(song)到機箱,通(tong)過(guo)(guo)頻率響應(ying)開關和一(yi)個(ge)放大器(qi)(qi)后,再同(tong)一(yi)個(ge)參(can)考電(dian)壓(可調)進行比較。